Validation

Bootstrap 5 Validation

Provide valuable, actionable feedback to your users with HTML5 form validation, via browser default behaviors or custom styles and JavaScript.

Note: We currently recommend using custom validation styles, as native browser default validation messages are not consistently exposed to assistive technologies in all browsers (most notably, Chrome on desktop and mobile).

Basic example

For custom MDB form validation messages, you’ll need to add the novalidate boolean attribute to your <form>. This disables the browser default feedback tooltips, but still provides access to the form validation APIs in JavaScript. Try to submit the form below; our JavaScript will intercept the submit button and relay feedback to you. When attempting to submit, you’ll see the :invalid and :valid styles applied to your form controls.

Custom feedback styles apply custom colors, borders, focus styles, and background icons to better communicate feedback.

Looks good!
Looks good!
@
Please choose a username.
Please provide a valid city.
Please provide a valid zip.
You must agree before submitting.

          <form class="row g-3 needs-validation" novalidate>
            <div class="col-md-4">
              <div class="form-outline">
                <input
                  type="text"
                  class="form-control"
                  id="validationCustom01"
                  value="Mark"
                  required
                />
                <label for="validationCustom01" class="form-label">First name</label>
                <div class="valid-feedback">Looks good!</div>
              </div>
            </div>
            <div class="col-md-4">
              <div class="form-outline">
                <input
                  type="text"
                  class="form-control"
                  id="validationCustom02"
                  value="Otto"
                  required
                />
                <label for="validationCustom02" class="form-label">Last name</label>
                <div class="valid-feedback">Looks good!</div>
              </div>
            </div>
            <div class="col-md-4">
              <div class="input-group form-outline">
                <span class="input-group-text" id="inputGroupPrepend">@</span>
                <input
                  type="text"
                  class="form-control"
                  id="validationCustomUsername"
                  aria-describedby="inputGroupPrepend"
                  required
                />
                <label for="validationCustomUsername" class="form-label">Username</label>
                <div class="invalid-feedback">Please choose a username.</div>
              </div>
            </div>
            <div class="col-md-6">
              <div class="form-outline">
                <input type="text" class="form-control" id="validationCustom03" required />
                <label for="validationCustom03" class="form-label">City</label>
                <div class="invalid-feedback">Please provide a valid city.</div>
              </div>
            </div>
            <div class="col-md-6">
              <div class="form-outline">
                <input type="text" class="form-control" id="validationCustom05" required />
                <label for="validationCustom05" class="form-label">Zip</label>
                <div class="invalid-feedback">Please provide a valid zip.</div>
              </div>
            </div>
            <div class="col-12">
              <div class="form-check">
                <input
                  class="form-check-input"
                  type="checkbox"
                  value=""
                  id="invalidCheck"
                  required
                />
                <label class="form-check-label" for="invalidCheck">
                  Agree to terms and conditions
                </label>
                <div class="invalid-feedback">You must agree before submitting.</div>
              </div>
            </div>
            <div class="col-12">
              <button class="btn btn-primary" type="submit">Submit form</button>
            </div>
          </form>
        

          // Example starter JavaScript for disabling form submissions if there are invalid fields
          (() => {
            'use strict';

            // Fetch all the forms we want to apply custom Bootstrap validation styles to
            const forms = document.querySelectorAll('.needs-validation');

            // Loop over them and prevent submission
            Array.prototype.slice.call(forms).forEach((form) => {
              form.addEventListener('submit', (event) => {
                if (!form.checkValidity()) {
                  event.preventDefault();
                  event.stopPropagation();
                }
                form.classList.add('was-validated');
              }, false);
            });
          })();

How it works

Here’s how form validation works with MDB:

  • HTML form validation is applied via CSS’s two pseudo-classes, :invalid and :valid. It applies to <input> and <textarea> elements.
  • MDB scopes the :invalid and :valid styles to parent .was-validated class, usually applied to the <form>. Otherwise, any required field without a value shows up as invalid on page load. This way, you may choose when to activate them (typically after form submission is attempted).
  • To reset the appearance of the form (for instance, in the case of dynamic form submissions using AJAX), remove the .was-validated class from the <form> again after submission.
  • As a fallback, .is-invalid and .is-valid classes may be used instead of the pseudo-classes for server-side validation. They do not require a .was-validated parent class.
  • Due to constraints in how CSS works, we cannot (at present) apply styles to a <label> that comes before a form control in the DOM without the help of custom JavaScript.
  • All modern browsers support the constraint validation API, a series of JavaScript methods for validating form controls.
  • Feedback messages may utilize the browser defaults (different for each browser, and unstylable via CSS) or our custom feedback styles with additional HTML and CSS.
  • You may provide custom validity messages with setCustomValidity in JavaScript.

With that in mind, consider the following demos for our custom form validation styles, optional server-side classes, and browser defaults.

Browser defaults

Not interested in custom validation feedback messages or writing JavaScript to change form behaviors? All good, you can use the browser defaults. Try submitting the form below. Depending on your browser and OS, you’ll see a slightly different style of feedback.

While these feedback styles cannot be styled with CSS, you can still customize the feedback text through JavaScript.

@ 

          <form class="row g-3">
            <div class="col-md-4">
              <div class="form-outline">
                <input
                  type="text"
                  class="form-control"
                  id="validationDefault01"
                  value="Mark"
                  required
                />
                <label for="validationDefault01" class="form-label">First name</label>
              </div>
            </div>
            <div class="col-md-4">
              <div class="form-outline">
                <input
                  type="text"
                  class="form-control"
                  id="validationDefault02"
                  value="Otto"
                  required
                />
                <label for="validationDefault02" class="form-label">Last name</label>
              </div>
            </div>
            <div class="col-md-4">
              <div class="input-group form-outline">
                <span class="input-group-text" id="inputGroupPrepend2">@</span>
                <input
                  type="text"
                  class="form-control"
                  id="validationDefaultUsername"
                  aria-describedby="inputGroupPrepend2"
                  required
                />
                <label for="validationDefaultUsername" class="form-label">Username</label>
              </div>
            </div>
            <div class="col-md-6">
              <div class="form-outline">
                <input type="text" class="form-control" id="validationDefault03" required />
                <label for="validationDefault03" class="form-label">City</label>
              </div>
            </div>
            <div class="col-md-6">
              <div class="form-outline">
                <input type="text" class="form-control" id="validationDefault05" required />
                <label for="validationDefault05" class="form-label">Zip</label>
              </div>
            </div>
            <div class="col-12">
              <div class="form-check">
                <input
                  class="form-check-input"
                  type="checkbox"
                  value=""
                  id="invalidCheck2"
                  required
                />
                <label class="form-check-label" for="invalidCheck2">
                  Agree to terms and conditions
                </label>
              </div>
            </div>
            <div class="col-12">
              <button class="btn btn-primary" type="submit">Submit form</button>
            </div>
          </form>

Server side

We recommend using client-side validation, but in case you require server-side validation, you can indicate invalid and valid form fields with .is-invalid and .is-valid. Note that .invalid-feedback is also supported with these classes.

Looks good!
Looks good!
@
Please choose a username.
Please provide a valid city.
Please provide a valid zip.
You must agree before submitting.

          <form class="row g-4">
            <div class="col-md-4">
              <div class="form-outline">
                <input
                  type="text"
                  class="form-control is-valid"
                  id="validationServer01"
                  value="Mark"
                  required
                />
                <label for="validationServer01" class="form-label">First name</label>
                <div class="valid-feedback">Looks good!</div>
              </div>
            </div>
            <div class="col-md-4">
              <div class="form-outline">
                <input
                  type="text"
                  class="form-control is-valid"
                  id="validationServer02"
                  value="Otto"
                  required
                />
                <label for="validationServer02" class="form-label">Last name</label>
                <div class="valid-feedback">Looks good!</div>
              </div>
            </div>
            <div class="col-md-4">
              <div class="input-group form-outline">
                <span class="input-group-text" id="inputGroupPrepend3">@</span>
                <input
                  type="text"
                  class="form-control is-invalid"
                  id="validationServerUsername"
                  aria-describedby="inputGroupPrepend3"
                  required
                />
                <label for="validationServerUsername" class="form-label">Username</label>
                <div class="invalid-feedback">Please choose a username.</div>
              </div>
            </div>
            <div class="col-md-6">
              <div class="form-outline">
                <input
                  type="text"
                  class="form-control is-invalid"
                  id="validationServer03"
                  required
                />
                <label for="validationServer03" class="form-label">City</label>
                <div class="invalid-feedback">Please provide a valid city.</div>
              </div>
            </div>
            <div class="col-md-6">
              <div class="form-outline">
                <input
                  type="text"
                  class="form-control is-invalid"
                  id="validationServer05"
                  required
                />
                <label for="validationServer05" class="form-label">Zip</label>
                <div class="invalid-feedback">Please provide a valid zip.</div>
              </div>
            </div>
            <div class="col-12">
              <div class="form-check">
                <input
                  class="form-check-input is-invalid"
                  type="checkbox"
                  value=""
                  id="invalidCheck3"
                  required
                />
                <label class="form-check-label" for="invalidCheck3">
                  Agree to terms and conditions
                </label>
                <div class="invalid-feedback">You must agree before submitting.</div>
              </div>
            </div>
            <div class="col-12">
              <button class="btn btn-primary" type="submit">Submit form</button>
            </div>
          </form>

Supported elements

Validation styles are available for the following form controls and components:

  • <input>s and <textarea>s with .form-control (including up to one .form-control in input groups)
  • .form-checks
Please enter a message in the textarea.
Example invalid feedback text
More example invalid feedback text
Example invalid form file feedback

          <form class="was-validated">
            <div class="mb-3 pb-1">
              <div class="form-outline">
                <textarea
                  class="form-control is-valid"
                  id="validationTextarea"
                  placeholder="Required example textarea"
                  required
                ></textarea>
                <label for="validationTextarea" class="form-label">Textarea</label>
                <div class="invalid-feedback">Please enter a message in the textarea.</div>
              </div>
            </div>
            <div class="form-check mb-3">
              <input type="checkbox" class="form-check-input" id="validationFormCheck1" required />
              <label class="form-check-label" for="validationFormCheck1">Check this checkbox</label>
              <div class="invalid-feedback">Example invalid feedback text</div>
            </div>
            <div class="form-check">
              <input
                type="radio"
                class="form-check-input"
                id="validationFormCheck2"
                name="radio-stacked"
                required
              />
              <label class="form-check-label" for="validationFormCheck2">Toggle this radio</label>
            </div>
            <div class="form-check mb-3">
              <input
                type="radio"
                class="form-check-input"
                id="validationFormCheck3"
                name="radio-stacked"
                required
              />
              <label class="form-check-label" for="validationFormCheck3"
                >Or toggle this other radio</label
              >
              <div class="invalid-feedback">More example invalid feedback text</div>
            </div>
            <div class="mb-3">
              <input type="file" class="form-control" aria-label="file example" required />
              <div class="invalid-feedback">Example invalid form file feedback</div>
            </div>
            <div class="mb-3">
              <button class="btn btn-primary" type="submit" disabled>Submit form</button>
            </div>
          </form>

Tooltips

If your form layout allows it, you can swap the .{valid|invalid}-feedback classes for .{valid|invalid}-tooltip classes to display validation feedback in a styled tooltip. Be sure to have a parent with position: relative on it for tooltip positioning. In the example below, our column classes have this already, but your project may require an alternative setup.

Looks good!
Looks good!
@
Please choose a unique and valid username.
Please provide a valid city.
Please provide a valid zip.

          <form class="row g-3 needs-validation" novalidate>
            <div class="col-md-4 position-relative">
              <div class="form-outline">
                <input
                  type="text"
                  class="form-control"
                  id="validationTooltip01"
                  value="Mark"
                  required
                />
                <label for="validationTooltip01" class="form-label">First name</label>
                <div class="valid-tooltip">Looks good!</div>
              </div>
            </div>
            <div class="col-md-4 position-relative">
              <div class="form-outline">
                <input
                  type="text"
                  class="form-control"
                  id="validationTooltip02"
                  value="Otto"
                  required
                />
                <label for="validationTooltip02" class="form-label">Last name</label>
                <div class="valid-tooltip">Looks good!</div>
              </div>
            </div>
            <div class="col-md-4 position-relative">
              <div class="input-group form-outline">
                <span class="input-group-text" id="validationTooltipUsernamePrepend">@</span>
                <input
                  type="text"
                  class="form-control"
                  id="validationTooltipUsername"
                  aria-describedby="validationTooltipUsernamePrepend"
                  required
                />
                <label for="validationTooltipUsername" class="form-label">Username</label>
                <div class="invalid-tooltip">Please choose a unique and valid username.</div>
              </div>
            </div>
            <div class="col-md-6 position-relative">
              <div class="form-outline">
                <input type="text" class="form-control" id="validationTooltip03" required />
                <label for="validationTooltip03" class="form-label">City</label>
                <div class="invalid-tooltip">Please provide a valid city.</div>
              </div>
            </div>
            <div class="col-md-6 position-relative">
              <div class="form-outline">
                <input type="text" class="form-control" id="validationTooltip05" required />
                <label for="validationTooltip05" class="form-label">Zip</label>
                <div class="invalid-tooltip">Please provide a valid zip.</div>
              </div>
            </div>
            <div class="col-12 pt-2">
              <button class="btn btn-primary" type="submit">Submit form</button>
            </div>
          </form>

Customizing

Validation states can be customized via Sass with the $form-validation-states map. Located in our _variables.scss file, this Sass map is looped over to generate the default valid/invalid validation states. Included is a nested map for customizing each state’s color. While no other states are supported by browsers, those using custom styles can easily add more complex form feedback.

Please note that we do not recommend customizing these values without also modifying the form-validation-state mixin.

This is the Sass map from _variables.scss. Override this and recompile your Sass to generate different states: 


          $form-validation-states: ( "valid": ( "color": $form-feedback-valid-color, "icon":
          $form-feedback-icon-valid ), "invalid": ( "color": $form-feedback-invalid-color, "icon":
          $form-feedback-icon-invalid ) );

This is the loop from forms/_validation.scss. Any modifications to the above Sass map will be reflected in your compiled CSS via this loop: 


          @each $state, $data in $form-validation-states { @include form-validation-state($state,
          map-get($data, color), map-get($data, icon)); }